Couples (novel)

Couples is a 1968 novel by American author John Updike.

Summary
The novel depicts the lives of a promiscuous circle of ten couples in the small Massachusetts town of Tarbox. (When he composed the book, the author was living in Ipswich, Massachusetts.)

Plot and characters
Much of the plot of Couples (which opens on the evening of March 24, 1962, and integrates historical events like the loss of the USS Thresher on April 10, 1963, the Profumo affair, and the Kennedy assassination in November 1963) concerns the efforts of its characters to balance the pressures of Protestant sexual mores against increasingly flexible American attitudes toward sex in the 1960s. The book suggests that this relaxation may have been driven by the development of birth control and the opportunity to enjoy what one character refers to as "the post-pill paradise."

The novel is rich in period detail. (In 2009, USA Today called it a "time capsule" of the era.) The lyrical and explicit descriptions of sex, unusual for the time, made the book somewhat notorious. Time magazine had reserved a cover story for Updike and the novel before knowing what it was about; after actually reading it they were embarrassed, and discovered that "the higher up it went in the Time hierarchy, the less they liked it."

The ten couples are:


 * Piet and Angela Hanema (children: Ruth and Nancy) – he is a building contractor
 * Roger and Bea Guerin
 * Frankie and Janet Appleby (children: Franklin Jr. and Catharine) – he is a trust officer in a bank
 * Harold and Marcia Smith / "little-Smith" (children: Jonathan, Julia, Hennetta) – he is a broker
 * Freddy and Georgene Thorne (children: Whitney, Martha, Judy) – he is a dentist
 * Matt and Terry Gallagher (child: Tommy) – he is Piet's business partner, a contractor
 * Eddie and Carol Constantine (children: Kevin, Laura, Patrice) – he is an airline pilot
 * Ben and Irene Saltz (children: Laura, Bernard, Jeremiah) – he works for the government
 * John and Bernadette Ong – he is a nuclear physicist
 * Ken and "Foxy" (Elizabeth Fox) Whitman – he is a scientist

Reception
The novel was widely and enthusiastically reviewed, landing Updike on the cover of Time magazine, a rare location for an author. Time, while detailing similarities between real Ipswich and fictional Tarbox ("it is worth noting that the Updikes are the ringleaders of a group of like-minded couples whom the older Ipswichers call the Junior Jet Set. Updike has organized endless basketball, volleyball and touch-football games, led the jet set on skiing trips, and presided over countless intramural parties. Says one member of the set: 'What we have evolved is a ritual. It sets up a rhythm where we are all available to each other. It's rather as if all of us belong to a family.' Adds another friend without elaboration: 'You can't sustain that very long without its being very destructive'"), called the book "sensational." Critic and novelist Wilfred Sheed, in the New York Times Book Review, found Couples "ingenious" and "scorching...the games are described with loving horror." Addressing the novel's famous frankness about sexual manners, Sheed wrote, "If this is a dirty book, I don't see how sex can be written about at all. Updike's treatment of sex is central to his method, which is that of a fictional biochemist approaching mankind with a tray of hypersensitive gadgets."

Certain locals, though, did not embrace the novel. It is rumored that Updike was quietly but definitely dismissed from prominent social circles as well as the insular Myopia Hunt Club for his writings about peers and fellow members.

More recently, Martin Amis dismissed Couples as one of the author's lesser works.

Cultural significance
Couples is often cited as a historically important depiction of the sexual revolution of the 1960s, along with Philip Roth's Portnoy's Complaint (1969) and Gore Vidal's Myra Breckinridge (1968). In 1993, Edward Sorel illustrated the authors as a trio of satyrs.

Updike on Couples
Updike had intended to call the novel, "in honor of its amplitude," Couples and Houses and Days. To an interviewer's question about the difficulty of writing scenes about sex, Updike replied: "They were no harder than landscapes and a little more interesting. It's wonderful the way people in bed talk, the sense of voices and the sense of warmth, so that as a writer you become kind of warm also. The book is, of course, not about sex as such: It's about sex as the emergent religion, as the only thing left." And in the Paris Review "Art of Fiction" interview series, he discussed the disappearance of his novel's hero into the story's happy ending:  There's also a way, though, I should say, in which, with the destruction of the church, with the removal of Piet's guilt, he becomes insignificant. He becomes merely a name in the last paragraph: he becomes a satisfied person and in a sense dies. In other words, a person who has what he wants, a satisfied person, a content person, ceases to be a person. Unfallen Adam is an ape. Yes, I guess I do feel that. I feel that to be a person is to be in a situation of tension, is to be in a dialectical situation. A truly adjusted person is not a person at all—just an animal with clothes on or a statistic. So that it's a happy ending, with this 'but' at the end.