Librarians in popular culture

Stereotypes of librarians in popular culture are frequently negative: bookish characters who may be prim and introverted if female, or timid and mild if male. Such stereotypes are likely to have a negative impact on the attractiveness of librarianship as a profession to young people. This article provides a collection of descriptions of librarians in popular culture, i.e., literature, film, television, and games.

Literature
Children's literature has a generally positive portrayal of librarians as young, helpful and friendly, becoming more positive over the course of the 20th century. Adult literature, however, portrays the profession more negatively. Between these, portrayals of librarians in young adult fiction are neutral to negative. Here librarians are predominantly female, middle-aged, usually unattractive in some way, and mostly unmarried. Personality is mixed between positive traits such as intelligence, likeability, and kind-heartedness; and negative traits such as strictness, timidity, and eccentricity. While some provide assistance to the main characters, several are the villains of the book. Duties generally include reference, but may only show housekeeping tasks; however the amount of technology used by librarian characters has increased over time.

A disproportionate number of the librarians represented in novels are in the detective fiction genre, frequently as an amateur detective and protagonist. Although the stereotype of the librarian as "passive bore" does not seem reconcilable with the intensity of a mystery, the stereotypical librarian does share many traits with the successful detective. Their mindset is focused, calm, unbiased in considering viewpoints, and interested in the world around them. By personality they are industrious perfectionists - and eccentric. The drab and innocuous look of the stereotypical librarian is perfect for avoiding suspicion, while their research skills and ability to ask the right questions allow them to procure and put together the information necessary to solve the case. The knowledge they have gained from wide reading successfully competes with a private investigator's personal experience. For example, Jacqueline Kirby is drawn into the mystery in Elizabeth Peters' novel The Seventh Sinner (1972) due to her awareness of her surroundings. Wearing the stereotypical bun, glasses and practical clothes - together with an eccentrically large purse - she is self-possessed and resourceful, knowledgeable in a variety of fields and skilled at research.

A sampling of librarians featured in works of literature include:


 * Neal Stephenson's novel, Snow Crash features both the "Central Information Congress" (a commercialized melding of the Central Intelligence Agency and the Library of Congress) and a virtual librarian which assists the main character, Hiro Protagonist.
 * In the Discworld book series by Terry Pratchett there is a librarian who has been magically turned into an orangutan. In these stories, librarians frequently have supernatural powers related to books and library work, including access to a form of hyperspace known as L-Space.
 * In the comic book series Batman, Barbara Gordon is a computer-savvy librarian using the name Oracle. Before she was shot by the Joker, restricting the use of her legs, she was known as Batgirl.
 * Lucien, from Neil Gaiman's comic book series The Sandman, tends to The Dreaming's library, where all the books that are dreamt of, but never written, are contained.
 * Henry De Tamble (from the novel The Time Traveler's Wife) is a Chicago librarian with "Chrono Displacement" disorder; at random times, he suddenly disappears without warning and finds himself in the past or future, usually at a time or place of importance in his life.
 * Jack and Annie in The Magic Treehouse series of children's books become "Master Librarians".
 * Irma Pince is the librarian in several of the Harry Potter novels. She is a minor character as a disciplinarian in the Hogwarts library.
 * Malachi is the scholarly librarian in Umberto Eco's medieval murder mystery The Name of the Rose who unlocks the secrets of a labyrinthine library to the novel's protagonists.
 * In Jo Dereske's Miss Zukas series, Helma Zukas is a prim librarian sleuth who swears in such terms as "Oh, Faulkner!"
 * One of L. R. Wright's crime series features a librarian as partner of the lead detective.
 * In "It" by Stephen King the central narrator is Mike Hanlon, a librarian in the small town of Derry, Maine. He is described as "the keeper of the lighthouse"
 * In Kingsley Amis' comic novel That Uncertain Feeling, a Welsh librarian bored with his marriage casts his eye upon a new girl in town. In the film version, Only Two Can Play, the librarian was played by Peter Sellers.
 * The manga series Read or Die (a.k.a. R.O.D.) features protagonist bibliophile Yomiko Readman, who works for the Library of England in search of rare and powerful books.
 * Richard Peck's book, Here Lies the Librarian. "This book is dedicated to Living librarians everywhere And to my Dean Beth Mehalick Paskoff", who is Dean of Library and Information Sciences at Louisiana State University. On the cover is a cemetery with a gravestone that reads, "SHH!".
 * Lilian Jackson Braun's popular mystery series The Cat Who... features Polly Duncan, head of the Pickax Library and companion of the main character, James Qwilleran. This series also features Qwilleran's two bibliocats, Kao K’o Kung (Koko) and Yum Yum.
 * Charlaine Harris' "Southern Librarian" mysteries are solved by librarian Aurora "Ro" Teagarden.
 * The eponymous character in Garth Nix's Lirael (2001) is an assistant librarian whose curiosity about the library she works in leads her into trouble and whose research skills save her. The head librarian is intimidating and the library itself a dangerous place.

Film
According to Ann Seidl, director of the documentary The Hollywood Librarian, librarians in film are often portrayed as meek, timid, and unassertive in nature. After indexing hundreds of appearances of librarians in film, she found that "the shorter the reference to a librarian in a film, the worse the stereotype."

By the 1950s, movies had established the stereotype of librarians as "spinsters" and "eggheads". Thus, female movie librarians are usually unmarried, prim and introverted. They are usually young and may be attractive, but dress drably and are sexually repressed: in movies such as It's a Wonderful Life and The Music Man their career is characterised as a "fate worse than death". Male movie librarians - mild, intelligent and timid - have fewer and less important roles.

Seidl's documentary discusses such stereotypes as:
 * A wretched alternate fate is revealed for Mary Hatch Bailey (played by Donna Reed) in the movie ''It's a Wonderful Life' (1946)': "She's just about to close up the library!"
 * “Do you want me to draw you a map?!” barks a staggeringly rude and unhelpful librarian (John Rothman) at Sophie Zawistowski (Meryl Streep) in Sophie’s Choice (1982).

in contrast with the more well-rounded characters in:
 * Librarian Bunny Watson (played by Katharine Hepburn) teaches Richard Sumner (played by Spencer Tracy) a few things about modern research methods in the movie Desk Set (1957).
 * Shirley Jones stars as the no-nonsense "Marian the Librarian" in the movie The Music Man.

Librarians are usually every-man characters caught up in circumstances, rather than being heroes; likewise they are rarely villainous although they have have flaws, such as racism in Goodbye, Columbus.

Other notable appearances of librarians in film include:
 * In No Man of Her Own (1932), Clark Gable is a big city con man who falls for a local librarian (Carole Lombard) while on the lam.
 * Virginia Mayo plays a librarian in Wonder Man (film) (1945), but the great quote is from Danny Kaye who plays the bookworm Edwin Dingle: "I enjoy it here very much ... uh, I love the smell of leather bindings."
 * Alicia Hull (Bette Davis), a small town librarian, befriends young Freddie Slater (Kevin Coughlin) but is herself ostracised for refusing to remove a book on Communism from the public library during the height of the Red Scare in Storm Center (1956). This movie was inspired by the real-life dismissal of Ruth Brown, a librarian in Bartlesville, Oklahoma.
 * Ingrid Pitt plays a "nymphomaniac librarian" (as she described it) in the classic British movie The Wicker Man (1973), who is found naked by Edward Woodward's virginal Christian policeman.
 * Goldie Hawn plays San Francisco librarian Gloria Mundy who helps Chevy Chase solve an assassination plot in the comedy Foul Play (1978).
 * Alice Drummond plays the librarian in Ghostbusters (1984) who first encounters the book-stacking ghost of a former librarian in the famous New York Public Library.
 * “Books are my life now,” explains librarian Lynn Weslin (Rene Russo) to her ex-boyfriend and baseball player Jake Taylor (Tom Berenger) in Major League (1989).
 * Circulation desk worker Charlie Simms (Chris O’Donnell) breaks the rules and lets his fair-weathered friend George Willis, Jr. (Philip Seymour Hoffman) take a reserve book out of the library. From Scent of a Woman (1992).
 * In Philadelphia (1993), a librarian (Tracey Walter) encourages AIDS patient Andrew Beckett (Tom Hanks) to use a private study room so his condition won't bother other patients.
 * Richard Tyler (Macaulay Culkin) is led on a fantastical adventure through a library by Mr. Dewey (Christopher Lloyd), AKA The Pagemaster (1994).
 * Mary (played by Parker Posey) is a Party Girl (1995) who discovers "I want to be a librarian!" Her appearance and behavior challenge the prim librarian stereotype.
 * Jet Li's character in the movie Black Mask (film) (1996) works as a librarian.
 * Evelyn Carnahan is proud to be a librarian in the movies The Mummy (1999) and The Mummy Returns.
 * Heather Stephens plays Jill, the awkward librarian (and closet dominatrix), in the movie Tomcats (2001).
 * Vox (played by Orlando Jones), a holographic entity possessing a "compendium of all human knowledge", works at a futuristic New York Public Library in the movie The Time Machine (2002).
 * Last Life in the Universe (2003) is a tale about a male Japanese librarian.
 * Noah Wyle's character in the television movie The Librarian: Quest for The Spear (2004) and The Librarian: Return to King Solomon's Mines. His mother: "Sixteen years of college and they've got you putting books on shelves?"

Television
The portrayal of librarians on the small screen has usually followed the same stereotypes as those found in motion pictures. For example, in most animated cartoon series (such as Baby Looney Tunes or Rugrats) the librarian is often shown silencing the main/pivotal characters - especially younger children - when they're in a library area. Some even ban the characters from the libraries for making rude or strange noises.

In creating the Australian miniseries The Librarians, however, co-producers and -writers Wayne Hope and Robyn Butler consulted with real librarians for research, and took their advice to avoid shooshing and cardigan-wearing librarian characters.


 * On the television series All That, there are several sketches that feature a silence-obsessed librarian (known as "The Loud Librarian" to some) that scolds someone for even making a coughing sound. She is eventually "fired" when Lori Beth Denberg leaves the cast in 1998.
 * In the television series Buffy the Vampire Slayer, Anthony Stewart Head played the role of Rupert Giles, school librarian in earlier episodes and Buffy's watcher.
 * In the 1967 episode of The Avengers (TV series), "Murdersville", a gun is used with a silencer after the librarian points to the SILENCE sign.
 * In a Star Trek episode All Our Yesterdays, Ian Wolfe plays librarian Mr. Atoz: "The library serves no purpose unless someone is using it." Mr. Atoz's name apparently derives from the phrase "A to Z", a reference to his occupation as a librarian.
 * In an episode of Seinfeld, Cosmo Kramer (Michael Richards) dates a librarian from the New York Public Library, much to the chagrin of the "library cop."
 * In one episode of The Simpsons a librarian questions Reverend Lovejoy about a Bible he has checked out every weekend for the past 12 years, asking wouldn't it be easier just to buy one, to which the Reverend replies, "Perhaps...on a Librarian's salary..."
 * The television series Once Upon A Time centers around a librarian trapped in a witch's tower, who is forced to produce stories with a machine called 1Z2Z, and then read them.
 * In an Orwellian future, a librarian (played by Burgess Meredith) fills the title role of “The Obsolete Man” (1961) in an episode from The Twilight Zone.
 * Al Bundy (Ed O'Neill) pulls off a typical claims returned trick on an old and bitter librarian in the Married... with Children episode “He Thought He Could” (1988).
 * On the May 24, 2007 episode of the Colbert Report, Colbert interviewed Wikipedia co-founder Jimmy Wales. During the interview, he showed on the screen the statement "Librarians are hiding something" and asked Wales how he would stop or prevent vandalism to Wikipedia based on that statement.

Computer and video games
There have been several characters associated with the library field in the realm of interactive entertainment, often portrayed as guides and/or purveyors of knowledge who help the user progress within the game:


 * Myrna Bookbottom, the stereotypical meek English librarian, from the game Freaky Flyers.
 * The Daguerreo Librarian, the unnamed overseer of the Daguerreo Library in Final Fantasy IX.
 * Darian, an anthropomorphic car from the children's educational game Putt-Putt Travels Through Time.
 * Alan Dinsdale, Velma's former school librarian, from the game Scooby Doo: Mystery Mayhem.
 * Eike, the librarian of Budehuc Castle, from the game Suikoden III.
 * Aldus T. Giles, Assistant Correspondence Clerk of the Tarantian Library, from the game Arcanum: Of Steamworks and Magick Obscura.
 * Lex, the bespectacled green worm caretaker of the Great Library, from the puzzle games Bookworm and Bookworm Adventures.
 * Librari, the Elder of the Town Minish, from the game The Legend of Zelda: The Minish Cap.
 * Mop Top Island Librarian, an anthropomorphic onion, from the children's educational game Pajama Sam 3: You Are What You Eat From Your Head To Your Feet.
 * Nightshade, the super-hero alter ego of librarian Mark Gray, from the game Nightshade.
 * Hester Primm, from the game The Sims Bustin' Out.
 * Victorian Principles, from the game Leisure Suit Larry 7: Love for Sail!.
 * Tar-Meena, an Argonian located within the Arcane University, from the game Elder Scrolls IV.
 * Sherman Trout, head of the Library of Congress, from the game The Final Scene.
 * World of Warcraft features several librarian characters: Mae Paledust, Brother Paxton, Donyal Tovald, and Milton Sheaf.

Toys and Hobbies

 * In 2003, Archie McPhee brought out a librarian action figure, modelled on Seattle Public Library librarian Nancy Pearl. Wearing a suit, bun and glasses, the action figure sparked controversy. particularly for the button-triggered shushing motion.  Many librarians took it in a light-hearted spirit, while others felt it perpetuated negative stereotypes.
 * Space Marine Librarians are characters from the collectible miniatures game Warhammer 40,000 ; these superhuman fighters come equipped with potent psychic powers, rather than just being deskbound intellects. Wielding force staffs and psychic abilities, they are found on the battlefield battling alongside their non-psychic battle brothers delivering justice to the Emperor's enemies, while at the same time advising the Space Marine Commander.

Music

 * Sweet Librarian by Railroad Jerk, from The Third Rail album
 * The Librarian’s Nightmare by Phil Hammon from The Librarian’s Nightmare album
 * "Love in the Library" by Jimmy Buffett, from the Fruitcakes album
 * " Librarian" by New Zealand band Haunted Love
 * "Karen" by the Go-Betweens, from the Lee Remick/Karen 7" single
 * Tales of a Librarian, album by Tori Amos
 * The Librarians, defunct Californian power pop band
 * Librarians, rock band from West Virginia
 * Librarian by Jonathan Rundman, from Public Library album
 * Library by Cursor Minor, from Library / Our Day Will Come

Comic strips

 * Unshelved is an online daily comic strip set in Mallville Public Library reflecting changes in the real world of libraries and with an eye for popular culture.
 * Questionable Content is another webcomic that recently began featuring a character who works in an academic library setting.
 * One Big Happy often features Ruthie at Story Time at her local library. The Library Lady is often despairing of Ruthie's non-sequtorial interruptions.