Brown's gas

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Brown's gas (named for its inventor, Yull Brown, a Bulgarian-American inventor) is a mixture of oxygen and hydrogen produced by electrolyzing water.

Brown's Gas possesses both extraordinary properties and scientifically rational properties that are inconsistent and consistent with the laws of physics respectively.

Claims that are Inconsistent with the Laws of Physics
(Note) The use of Brown's Gas in a perpetual motion machine is not being persued by any mainstream authority at this time, and the primary focus of ongoing research is its practical applications that are consistent with the laws of physics.
 * It is claimed to be produced by a "special" electrolysis apparatus needs less energy than can be gained from burning it, making it a building block of a perpetual motion machine. Perpetual motion is a claim that is inconsistent with commonly subscribed laws of physics, and belief in perpetual motion is often ridiculed.
 * It is claimed to behave different than a normal mixture of hydrogen and oxygen (ie. Oxy-Hydrogen).
 * It is claimed that primary viability exists not because of this low flame temperature, but because of an extraordinary phenomena that occurs when it is applied to a material.

Claims that are Consistent with the Laws of Physics

 * Brown's Gas has a flame temperature of approximately 274 degrees Farenheit. Water Torch.
 * Independent of the controversy between explosion and implosion, Brown's Gas is undeniably combustible. It is claimed that under certain circumstances it implodes rather than explodes when ignited.
 * The volume of gas produced is not in accordance with the volume associated with diatomic oxygen and hydrogen gases.
 * Brown's Gas is produced from water, therefore it contains a 2 to 1 ratio of Hydrogen versus Oxygen respectively.
 * Brown's Gas contains Oxygen, therefore it has oxidative properties.
 * Brown's Gas is less dense than atmosphere therefore it will not settle in a closed space and tends to dissipate rapidly.
 * Brown's Gas is colorless, and odorless.
 * Brown's Gas is stable and will not reform into water without the presence of a PEM or comparable material.
 * Brown's Gas is breathable because of its Oxygen content.

Claimed Method of Production

 * Brown's Gas is claimed to be produced in common ducted electrolyzers that contain no independent ducting; the hydrogen and oxygen gases, immediately after production, are allowed to be in the presence of one another and build pressure. (In an Oxy-Hydrogen production system, it is claimed that independent ducting exists, and immediately after production the hydrogen and oxygen gases are separated from one another not to meet again until just prior to combustion at the torch tip.) An Arizona Hydrogen webpage.
 * This well defined distinction between Brown's Gas production and Oxy-Hydrogen production is the claimed reason that Brown's Gas behaves differently than Oxy-Hydrogen. While this claim helps explain the properties of Brown's Gas that are consistent with the laws of physics, the properties that are inconsistent with the laws of physics are yet to be satisfactorily explained.

Claimed Applications

 * Torch use. The Water Torch Collective, LTD is a company promoting the use of Brown's Gas in torch applications.
 * Carbon fuel enhancement. The Water/Fuel Converters Project talking about the concept of carbon fuel enhancement.
 * Incineration. BEST Korea page talking about their incineration technologies using Brown's Gas.
 * Jewlery. SRA Solder website that uses Brown's Gas technology in jewlery application among other uses.

Theories

 * Yull Brown purported that Brown's Gas contains 36 isomers and allotropes of hydrogen and oxygen atoms; this notion has given rise to many theories to attempt explanation of its extraordinary properties. 3/4 the way down the page is the reference.
 * The most popular theory presented to explain these properties is that Brown's gas contains monatomic hydrogen and oxygen in significant proportions. In particular, monatomic hydrogen and oxygen would burn with a hotter flame because the monatomic form has more energy than the normal diatomic form and this extra energy would be released as heat. There are different explanations for how the monatomic gasses can exist at normal pressure instead of immediately combining (there is no activation energy because there are no bonds to be broken), none of which is fully satisfactory.
 * An alternative theory proposes that Brown's gas is really a hitherto unknown high-energy gaseous form of water, called "electrically expanded water".

Criticism

 * Little substantive information exists that has been produced by mainstream authorities, directly leading to much confusion and the creation of inflated stereotypes.
 * Skeptics point out that there is no solid evidence for any of these unusual properties, and suggest that all these observations of unusual properties are bad science.
 * This mixture of oxygen and hydrogen would be dangerously explosive.